Neutron, Proton, and Water
This world is mainly made of three elements.
They are not necessarily electrons, neutrons, and protons, though they together constitute an atom.
They are a down quark (d), an up quark (u), and an electron (e).
A neutron consists of two down quarks and one up quark, while a proton consists of one down quark and two up quarks, since electric charge of a down quark is -1/3 and that of an up quark is +2/3. An electron has -1 of electric charge.
Neutron (0) = d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + d (-1/3)
Proton (1) = u (2/3) + d (-1/3) + u (2/3)
However it is observed that a neutron placed alone naturally changes to a proton, but a proton placed alone never turns to a neutron. A neutron cannot sustain its status if it is left alone in space but a proton under the same conditions is very stable.
An entity with d+u+d is unstable but another entity with u+d+u is very stable.
The key to this phenomena is mass of each quark. Roughly speaking, d (-1/3) has mass of 10 MeV while u (2/3) has mass of 5 MeV. An electron has mass of 0.5 MeV.
Neutron [25] = d [10] + u [5] + d [10]
Proton [20] = u [5] + d [10] + u [5]
Indeed a proton weighs 1.672 621 777 ｘ 10-27kg and a neutron weighs 1.674 927 351 x 10-27kg
By analogy, water is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. One hydrogen atom weighs 1 g/mol and one oxygen atom 16 g/mol.
Water [18] = H [1] + O [16] + H [1]
Thus, a water molecule is very stable like a proton having a heavy component at the center of its composition.
Conversely, it is supposed that a neutron can be very unstable as it has a light component at the center of its composition.
But what mechanism works in the transition from a neutron to a proton?
n → νe* + p + e
where νe* is an electron antineutrino which has no electric charge.
The above equation can be expressed in a different manner:
{d+u+d} =νe* + {u+d+u} + e
d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + d (-1/3) = u (2/3) + d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + e (-1) + νe*
Because (0 = -1/3 + 2/3 -1/3) = (1 = 2/3 -1/3 + 2/3) + (-1)
But this transition has hidden steps.
Neutron (0) = d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + d (-1/3)
= d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + d (-1/3) + (0)
= d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + d (-1/3) + {d* (1/3) + u (2/3) + e (-1)}
= d (-1/3) + d* (1/3) + u (2/3) +d (-1/3) + u (2/3) + e (-1)
= {d (-1/3) + d* (1/3)} + {u (2/3) +d (-1/3) + u (2/3)} + e (-1)
= ν{e*}(0) + Proton (1) + e (-1)
Where d* (1/3) is an anti-quark.
In these hidden steps, an anti-quark is generated to balance electric charge with a newly generated up quark and an electron.
This is a new theory about the transition from a neutron to a proton.
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Joh 5:8 Jesus saith unto him, Rise, take up thy bed, and walk.
Joh 5:9 And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and walked: and on the same day was the sabbath.
Joh 5:10 The Jews therefore said unto him that was cured, It is the sabbath day: it is not lawful for thee to carry thy bed.
Joh 5:11 He answered them, He that made me whole, the same said unto me, Take up thy bed, and walk.