Atomic Calculation
They say the number of radioactive intensity, using a unit of becquerel.
But, how much and how many are there in terms of the number and the weight of radioactive atoms?
Where there is radiation of some becquerels, there must be some grams and some number of radioactive atoms.
The number of atoms and the weight of atoms can be more easily understood for some people, though strength of radiation becquerel is convenient.
PART I: Nitrogen Input into Fukushima Plant
Now what are they doing in the Fukushima Daiichi Plant?
Essentially they are cooling nuclear fuel in the pressure vessel of each reactor unit of the Daiichi Plant.
But, at the same time, they have to prevent another hydrogen explosion as hydrogen is generated from damaged metal frames of heated fuel rods and oxygen is generated from radiated water. For this purpose, they are sending nitrogen gas into the containment vessel.
The work started on April 7, accompanied by an increase of the pressure inside the containment vessel of the 1st reactor unit. But, on April 11, the internal gas pressure stopped rising. So, it is suspected that gas is leaking from the vessel, meaning uncontrolled leakage of radioactive material from the containment vessel.
PART II: Fukushima Reevaluated as Level 7 the Worst
It has been judged that the Fukushima Daiichi Plant output 630,000 of trillion (6.3 x 10^17 ) becquerels of radioactive material from March 11 to April 5, though the amount being output is now less than 1 trillion becquerels per hour (2.8 x 10^8 Bq per second).
So, the crisis level of the Fukushima accident has been raised from 5 to 7, equivalent to the level of the 1986 Chernobyl accident in the former Soviet Union.
One radioactive decay per second in an atom means 1 becquerel.
However, the total amount of radioactive material accidentally sprayed from the Fukushima Daiichi Plant is 10% of that in the Chernobyl case, according to the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of Japan.
PART III: How Much Nuclear Vessel Is Damaged
In a 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm space of the air, there are 2.5 x 10^19 molecules of N2, O2, H2O, CO2, etc.
In a million kW nuclear reactor unit, there is more than 13.6 x 10^19 becquerels of radioactive material, of course, in fuel rods within a pressure vessel in safety.
So, in one second, total 13.6 x 10^19 radioactive decays happen in such a reactor.
But, now from the Fukushima Daiichi Plant, total less than 2.8 x 10^8 radio active decays have an influence on the outside. But as there are four reactor units in question, one unit can be thought to emit 0.7 x 10^8 becquerels.
As (0.7 x 10^8)/(13.6 x 10^19) = 0.05/10^11 = 0.00000000005/10^2, there is a possibility that 0.00000000005% of the pressure vessel and the containment vessel of each unit is broken.
As for 6.3 x 10^17 becquerels output from March 11 to April 5, in this period the maximum output per hour was 1 x 10^16 becquerels, which was 2.8 x 10^12 becquerels per second.
In this case, 0.0000005% of the pressure vessel and the containment vessel of each unit is broken.
So, when the hydrogen explosion occurred in a reactor unit, 0.0000005% of the vessel of the unit was broken, but now it is around 0.00000000005% probably because of a lack of explosive pressure.
The point at issue is whether or not this breakage caused fractions of nuclear fuel to leak out of the pressure vessel into the containment vessel and out to the building housing the vessels.
In addition, WHO sets a guideline level for drinking water at 10 Bq per liter.
PART IV: Pressure Vessel
A pressure vessel of one mega-kilo watt reactor (a standard of today) has 100 tons of fuel.
Among them, the real fuel Uranium-235 accounts for 4 to 5 tons.
Among this 4 to 5 tons, 1 ton is burnt in a year and converted to other elements which are still situated in the fuel rods held by metal frames.
This 1 ton of radioactive atoms have higher radioactive strength than original 1 ton of Uranium-235.
PART V: 1 Gram of Fuel
In one gram of Uranium-235, there are more than 10^21 Uranium-235 atoms, namely 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms.
If this one gram of Uranium-235 underwent fission to become radioactive atoms and escaped a crippled reactor vessel in Fukushima through explosion or vaporization, how many radioactive atoms will fall on the ground with an area of 100 km x 100 kilometers.
The area: 100 km x 100 km = 10000 square kilometers = 10^10 square meters.
Accordingly, one square meter will have 10^21/10^10 = 10^11 = 0.1 trillion radioactive atoms.
For 400 km x 400 km = 160000 square kilometers = 1.6 x 10^11
Accordingly, one square meter will have 10^21/(1.6 x 10^11) = 6 x 10^9 = 6 billion radioactive atoms.
However, as above mentioned, one gram of nuclear fuel has only 5% of pure Uranium-235 and its radioactive derivatives. Among 6 billion atoms, there are 300 million radioactive atoms actually.
So, in this case, a plot around Tokyo with a size of 1 meter x 1 meter might have 300 million (3 x 10^8) radioactive atoms.
However, on the ground of 1 meter x 1 meter x 1 meter (depth), there are more than 10^6 x 10 ^21 = 10^27 of ordinary atoms of various elements. Then the radioactive element accounts for:
10^8/10^27 = 1/10^19 = 0.0000000000000000001 = 0.00000000000000001%.
As for the amount of radiation of a given type of atom in becquerel, the following equation should be used:
N becquerels = [4 x 10^23 x (grams of atoms)] / [(atomic mass number) x (half-life period in seconds)]
In the case of 1 gram of Uranium-238, N = 12400 Bq as its half-life is 4.468 billion years.
Again, WHO sets a guideline level for drinking water at 10 Bq per liter.
For one kilo-gram of spinach, the allowable limit for radioactive cesium-137 is 500 Bq since cesium-137 has 137 of the atomic number and 30 years of the half-period. From these numbers, we can confirm how many atoms of the radioactive cesium could be allowed to attach to the spinach of 1 kg.
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The conclusion is that a nuclear power plant must be segregated, sealed, and covered completely.
It must be a complete closed system.
Every wall and ceiling should be made of reinforced concrete with 3 meter thickness. No air flow should be allowed between the inside of the vessel-housing building and the outside of it.
And, as I wrote yesterday, we have to start to use magnesium but not uranium for electricity generation.
Mat 4:11 Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him.
Mat 4:12 Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he departed into Galilee;
Mat 4:13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim: