13.8 Billion Years Ago
This universe began from the size of a coin.
The whole universe experienced a big bang 13.8 billion years ago; since then it has continued expansion to the size of 47 billion light years or more, taking 13.8 billion years.
Before it reached the size of a coin, it had also undergone an inflation expansion from 10^-36 meters in a period of time of 10^-33 seconds.
And before this inflation expansion, it is believed that our space has existed in the size of 10^-36 meters or less for 10^-44 seconds.
(Note: 10^-2 = 1/100 = 0.01)
However we cannot see this state of the universe if we had a great telescope which could see past states of stars, galaxies, and any part of the universe. We could only see the universe as old as 380,000 years. At the time the size of the universe was a sphere with a radius of 40 million light years.
So, if we had a super telescope and aimed it to any direction in the sky, we could see the space which has a size of only 40 million light years as the least size of it. Today within this distance, namely 40 million light years, there are 1,000 or more galaxies existent or observed from the earth.
The state of universe 380,000 years ago is called transparent to radiation. Till then light could not fly freely because protons and electrons did not form atoms, thus obstructing movement of light. In other word, it was 380,000 years ago that atoms or specifically hydrogen atoms were first formed with a proton accompanied by an electron flying around the proton. So, in the space of the size of 40 million light years, there were no atoms at all before the state of getting transparent to radiation. In the space, protons and electrons in addition to neutrons were flying randomly without forming any atoms while light could not fly for a long distance as it was captured or deflected by protons and electrons so easily. And stars and galaxies were formed after atoms were established in the space of the size of 40 million light years, which was 380,000 years old.
Today, even between the moon and the earth, it was impossible to imagine that the distance is filled with protons and atoms so densely without forming any atoms. Incidentally, the distance to the moon is about one light second.
But this visible type of matters, such as protons, electrons, and atoms, accounts for only 10% of matters that exist in the whole universe; the rest is called dark matter.
And what is the most impressive thing is that if we had eyes like a super telescope, we could see the same limited zone in the size of 40 million light years in "any direction" as a place we could see the oldest stars, since the whole space was just as large as 40 million light years 13.8 billion years ago.
The space looks like converging to a limited zone at the most distant area.
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Mar 3:31 There came then his brethren and his mother, and, standing without, sent unto him, calling him.
Mar 3:32 And the multitude sat about him, and they said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren without seek for thee.
Mar 3:33 And he answered them, saying, Who is my mother, or my brethren?
Mar 3:34 And he looked round about on them which sat about him, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren!
Mar 3:35 For whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is my brother, and my sister, and mother.