have been many universities...
around the station with a unique name...
Thus Ochanomizu was once so appealing to young Japanese...wasn't it? A Russian church is also near here, teaching French, too?
Inattentive Tuesday
(par inadvertance mardi)
[Updated on Nov. 28, 2011]
After the midterm election, President Mr. Barack Obama will come to Japan for the APEC meeting.
One young female European-American in Alaska said, as televised in Japan, "It will take more time for President Obama to carry out reformation."
One late middle-aged male European-American in Alaska said, as televised in Japan, "We will drive Obama out of the White House in a lawful manner."
It depends on the state of unemployment which is linked with the American policy on Japan and China, since Japanese businesses in America contribute so much to employment in America.
After fulfilling his presidency, which will President Mr. Barack Obama like to more cooperate with: Japan or China? That is a true question for America, the President, and voters including those in Alaska.
SECTION I: Battle of Mukden (1905) - "Houten Kaisen"
In February 1905, the last major land battle of the Japanese-Russo War was fought by 250,000 troops of the Empire of Japan and by 370,000 troops of the Russian Empire, at Shenyang (Mukden) on the front plain to Manchuria, now the northeast region of China, which resulted in a hard won victory for Japanese.
(Click to enlarge.)----------
The significance of this battle is purely psychological but on a global scale. Tsushima Strait (*Naval Battle of Tsushima) was more one-sided but Mukden sent the original shockwave of a large European nation being defeated by a small Asian nation.----------
http://www.theartofbattle.com/battle-of-mukden-1905.htm
This battle is called "Houten Kaisen" in Japanese, since kaisen means a decisive all-out battle in Japanese. (Today's Shenyang was called Mukden then, namely Houten in Japanese.)
It should be also noted that the Empire of Japan already had occupancy in Taiwan through the Japan-Sino War in 1895 and the entire Kurile Islands through the Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1875.
(Click to enlarge.)Two months after the Battle of Mukden, the historical naval engagement was carried out at the Tsushima Strait between the Japan Islands and the Korean Peninsula, resulting in an overwhelming victory of the Imperial Navy of Japan led by Mikasa, its flag ship. But, at the time, the Russian Empire had already restored and strengthened through the Trans-Siberian Railroad its military presence again in northern Manchuria with one million troops which were expected to overwhelm 300,000 troops of the Empire of Japan occupying southern Manchuria. Yet, the resounding defeat in the Sea of Japan forced the Russian Empire to give up a further large-scale encounter with the Imperial Army of Japan on the vast plain of Manchuria.
(Red: Ground battle; Blue: Naval battle in the Japanese-Russo War, 1904-1905)Conversely, no matter how overwhelmingly the Imperial Navy defeated the Russian fleet in the Sea of Japan, the Russian Army with one million troops would have directly occupied whole Manchuria, the northern Chinese plain, and the northern Korean Peninsula, if the Imperial Army had lost the great battle at Mukden in 1905.
In the case, the Ching Dynasty would have moved its capital from Beijing to Nanjing, ceding the territory north of Beijing to the Russian Empire; the Kingdom of Korea would have become a tributary nation to the Russian Empire or part of it; the Russian troops would have further advanced south to the shore on the Korean Strait facing Kyusyu of Japan proper. Subsequently, the U.K., France, Germany, and the U.S. would have followed suit in colonizing any possible part of China. Koreans would have been forced to learn Russian. Japanese would have had to take further decades to rebuild its military to fully protect its territory, including the northern Kuril Islands.
The point at issue is that China and South/North Koreas today do not look like understanding and admitting the significance of the Battle of Mukden where 16,553 Japanese soldiers were killed to defend the Far East from the Imperial Russia who had to have however 8,705 troops killed and 21,791 generals, officers, and soldiers captured alive by the Imperial Army of Japan.
South Korea should respect Japan today more by leaving the Take-shima Island and using the term of "the Sea of Japan" when calling the sea. China should respect Japan today more by refraining from raising any border issue against Japan.
SECTION II: Kurile (Chishima) Islands
One big territorial issue for Japan was caused by illegal invasion by Soviet Union troops of the Kurile Islands after the surrender of the Imperial Military of Japan to the Allies on August 15, 1945, which put an end to WWII for the Empire.
The Kurile Islands are called Chi-shima-Rettou in Japanese, since they look like thousand (chi) islands (shima/rettou).
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The Treaty of Shimoda of 1855 was signed between the Russian Vice-Admiral Euphimy Vasil'evich Putiatin and Toshiakira Kawaji of Japan in the city of Shimoda, Izu Province, Japan, on February 7, 1855. It marked the start of official relations between Russia and Japan.
The Russo-Japanese border in the Kurile Islands was drawn between Etorofu and Uruppu. Everything north of this line was Russian, and everything south was Japanese (Etorofu, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomais).
Both parties also agreed to consider Sakhalin subject to both Russian and Japanese influence. Russia would therefore destroy its military base in Ootomari in the south of Sakhalin.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimoda
The Treaty of Saint Petersburg (***, Karafuto-Chishima Kōkan Jōyaku) was signed on 7 May 1875 between the Empire of Japan and Empire of Russia. Its terms stipulated that Japan give claims to Sakhalin island in exchange for undisputed sovereignty of all the Kuril islands up to the Kamchatka peninsula.
[En échange de la cession à la Russie des droits sur l'île de Sakhaline, énoncée dans l'Article premier, Sa Majesté l'Empereur de toutes les Russies, pour Elle et Ses héritiers, cède à Sa Majesté l'Empereur du Japon le groupe des Îles dites Kouriles qu'Elle possède actuellement avec tous les droits de souveraineté découlant de cette possession, en sorte que désormais ledit groupe des Kouriles appartiendra à l'Empire du Japon. Ce groupe comprend les dix-huit îles ci-dessous nommées : 1) Choumchou･･･***･･･ 18) Ouroup, en sorte que la frontière entre les Empires de Russie et du Japon dans ces parages passera par le détroit qui se trouve entre le cap Lopatka de la péninsule de Kamtchatka et l' île de Choumchou]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1875)
The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on 5 September 1905[1] after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine (but named after nearby Portsmouth, New Hampshire) in the United States.
Despite Japan's demands for the entirety of Sakhalin and a war indemnity, and Russia's outright refusal, peace was attained through the actions of Roosevelt. Russia, under the guidance of Witte, had been unwilling to give concessions in the name of peace and took advantage of Japan's need to end the war and thus Japan's willingness to compromise.[4] Roosevelt first proposed that a neutral committee propose concessions that Russia would cede to Japan, but after the idea's rejection, Roosevelt convinced Japan to lay down its demand for an indemnity and accept the southern half of Sakhalin rather than the island as a whole
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth
The Kuril Islands (***) or Kurile Islands in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, is a volcanic archipelago that stretches approximately 1,300 km (810 mi) northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. There are 56 islands and many more minor rocks...
All of the islands are under Russian jurisdiction, but Japan claims the four southernmost as part of its territory, which has led to the ongoing Kuril Islands dispute.
In August 18–31, Soviet forces invaded the North and South Kurils. The entire Japanese civilian population of roughly 17,000 was expelled until 1946.
Between August 24 and September 4, 1945, the Eleventh Air Force of the United States Army Air Force sent two B-24s on reconnaissance missions over North Kuril Islands with intention to take photos of the Soviet occupation in the area. Soviet fighters intercepted and forced them away, a foretaste of the Cold war that lay ahead.
Today, roughly 16,800 people (ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Nivkhs, Oroch, and Ainu) inhabit the Kuril Islands. About half of the population lives below the poverty line.[4] Fishing is the primary occupation. The islands have strategic and economic value, in terms of fisheries and also mineral deposits of pyrite, sulfur, and various polymetallic ores.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands
The San Francisco Peace Treaty between the Allied Powers[1] and Japan from 1951 states that Japan must give up all claims to the Kuril islands,[2] but it also does not recognize the Soviet Union's sovereignty over the Kuril Islands.[3] Russia maintains that the Soviet Union's sovereignty over the islands was recognized following agreements at the end of the Second World War.[4][5] However, Japan has disputed this claim. The disputed islands are:
Iturup (Etorofu Island)
Kunashir (Kunashiri Island)
Shikotan (Shikotan Island)
Habomai rocks (Habomai Islands)
(Click to enlarge, though the 1945 line does not mean a border between Japan and Russia at all.)
...
The US Senate Resolution of April 28, 1952, ratifying of the San Francisco Treaty, explicitly stated that the USSR had no title to the Kurils,[15] the resolution stating:
As part of such advice and consent the Senate states that nothing the treaty [San Francisco Peace Treaty] contains is deemed to diminish or prejudice, in favor of the Soviet Union, the right, title, and interest of Japan, or the Allied Powers as defined in said treaty, in and to South Sakhalin and its adjacent islands, the Kurile Islands, the Habomai Islands, the Island of Shikotan, or any other territory, rights, or interests possessed by Japan on December 7, 1941, or to confer any right, title, or benefit therein or thereto on the Soviet Union.
The USA maintains that until a peace treaty between Japan and Russia is concluded, the disputed Northern Territories remain Japanese territory under Russian military occupation via General Order No. 1.[7]----------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute
Accordingly, as with Japan, the U.S. Government (and even China) never admits occupancy by Russia of Etorofu Island, Kunashiri Island, Shikotan Island, and Habomai Islands.
One Italian resercher discussed the matter uniquely with a focus on the cultural difference between Japanese and Russians:
"...However, it is my opinion that this territorial dispute, which is not, as I have shown, merely territorial, would be difficult to resolve because of the cultural implications that affect any economic and political effort to resolve it."Anyway, the matter can be clearly defined with authentic material.
http://www.storicamente.org/05_studi_ricerche/tani.htm
But, remnants of the Evil Empire of the Soviet Union, USSR, must immediately return the four islands to Japan: Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and Habomai.
SECTION III: Japanese Prisoners of War in the Soviet Union
It began with Russian military attacks on the Empire of Japan on August 9, 1945, a week before the surrender of the Empire to the Allies, namely the U.S.
------------
At the Tehran Conference (November 1943), Stalin agreed that the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan once Nazi Germany was defeated. At the Yalta Conference (February 1945), Stalin agreed to Allied pleas to enter World War II's Pacific Theater within three months of the end of the war in Europe. The invasion began on August 9, 1945, precisely three months after the German surrender on May 8 (May 9, 0:43 Moscow time).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-Japanese_War_(1945)
After the defeat of the Kwantung Army in Manchuria, Japanese POWs were sent from Manchuria, North Korea, South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands to Primorski Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kazakhstan (South Kazakhstan Province and Zhambyl Province), Buryat-Mongol ASSR, and Uzbek SSR. In 1946, 49 labor camps for Japanese POWs under the management of GUPVI housed about 500,000 persons. In addition there were two camps for those convicted of various crimes.
Those remaining after 1950 were detained having been convicted of various crimes. The release of these persons continued from 1953 under various amnesties, and the last major group of 1025 Japanese POWs was released on December 23, 1956.[4]------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union
In the above description, the word "crimes" must not be used.
Anyway, to compensate for their illegal treatment of 500,000 Japanese soldiers as well, Russia must immediately return all the four islands to Japan: Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and Habomai.
SECTION IV: Japanese Postage Stamps Featuring Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and Habomai
After the end of WWII, no fire exchanges or military clash occurred between Japan and Russia/USSR around the Kurile Islands. However, many Japanese fishermen were attacked by Russian border guards who fired at non-armed Japanese fishermen some of whom were actually killed.
Anyway, the Japanese Government is very cautious even in issuing a postage stamp symbolizing the so called northern territories.
(http://blog.livedoor.jp/storemaster/archives/28693922.html
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/cccp/camera/HoppouRyoudo/Stamp/hoppouryoudokitte.htm)
*** *** *** ***
A regime change can decrease the number of crimes in the society.
In America, the number of heinous crimes has been decreasing since 2007 when the Obama boom started.
In Japan, before the 2009 regime change, a big case of murder by a young man using knives were reported without interruption or once several months. But, after the DPJ took power through the 30-8-2009 general election, no former vice ministers were killed; no indiscriminate murders occurred in Akihabara, an amusement center, or train stations around Tokyo.
If another regime change should occur in both Japan and the U.S., the society and civil life in both the countries might become more peaceful.
Both the unemployment rate and the crime rate should be taken into consideration in any national election.
Mat 11:1 And it came to pass, when Jesus had made an end of commanding his twelve disciples, he departed thence to teach and to preach in their cities.
Mat 11:2 Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples,
Mat 11:3 And said unto him, Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another?